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Pope John XXIII |
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November 25, 1881 — June 3, 1963
“We are not on earth to guard a museum, but to cultivate a flourishing garden of life.”
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Angelo Guissepe Roncalli, the third of thirteen children, was born in Sotto II Monte, Italy, of a family of sharecroppers. He was educated at the seminary in Bergamo and later at the Seminario Romano. After ordination in 1904, he served as secretary to the Bishop of Bergamo. In World War II he served in the medical corps and as a chaplain. In 1925 he was name Archbishop of Areopolis and later became Apostolic Delegate to Bulgaria, then Turkey and Greece. While in Greece during the Second World War as Apostolic Delegate, he helped many Jews to escape by issuing “transit visas” from the Apostolic Delegation. In 1944 Pius XII appointed him Nuncio to France. In 1953 he became Cardinal-Patriarch of Venice where he expected to spend his last years in pastoral work. Upon the death of Pius XII, Angelo Guiseppe Roncalli became Pope John XXIII on Oct. 28, 1958. As John XXIII he stressed his own pastoral duties as well as those of bishops and clergy. He promoted social reforms for workers, the impoverished, orphans and the outcast, and he advanced cooperation with other religions. His encyclical, Mater et Magistra, in 1961 advocated social reform, and Pacem in Terris, issued in 1963, advocated human freedom and dignity as the basis for peace and world order. He convened the Second Vatican Council on October 11, 1962. Pope John XXIII died on the evening of June 3, 1963 before the Council was concluded.
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